Healthy and unhealthy food

written by gogorabei | October 23, 2023

 The Battle of the Bites: Unveiling the Secrets of Healthy and Unhealthy Foods

Introduction

In a world of fast-paced lives and hectic schedules, our food choices often become a reflection of our lifestyle.

The age-old debate of healthy versus unhealthy foods continues to influence our dietary decisions.

With an ever-growing awareness of the impact of diet on our overall well-being, it’s crucial to understand the distinctions between these two categories and make informed choices.

article will explore the characteristics of both healthy and unhealthy foods, shedding light on their effects on our health.

The Good: Healthy Foods

Healthy foods are those that nourish our bodies, providing essential nutrients and contributing to overall well-being. They are typically rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other beneficial compounds. Here are some characteristics of healthy foods:

Nutrient Density: Healthy foods are packed with essential nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and nuts are excellent examples of nutrient-dense foods.

Low in Empty Calories: These foods are generally low in added sugars, unhealthy fats, and excess calories. They do not contribute to weight gain or health problems when consumed in moderation.

Whole and Unprocessed: Healthy foods are often minimally processed. They are close to their natural state, preserving their nutritional value. Whole grains, fresh produce, and lean proteins are prime examples.

High in Fiber: Fiber is essential for digestive health, weight management, and heart health. Many healthy foods, like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, are excellent sources of fiber.

Variety: A balanced diet consists of a variety of healthy foods.

This diversity ensures that your body receives all the necessary nutrients.

Positive Impact on Health: Regular consumption of healthy foods can lower the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.

Example of  healthy food

One excellent example of a healthy food is a colorful and nutrient-rich salad. Let’s break down the elements that make a salad a healthy choice:

Fresh Vegetables: A healthy salad starts with a base of fresh, leafy greens like spinach, kale, or mixed greens. These greens are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber, promoting good digestion and overall health.

 Vibrant Colors: A variety of colorful vegetables, such as tomatoes, bell peppers, carrots, and red onions, are often added to salads. These colors indicate a diverse range of nutrients, including vitamin C, vitamin A, and antioxidants.

 Protein: To make the salad more satisfying and balanced, lean sources of protein like grilled chicken, tofu, beans, or quinoa can be added. Protein supports muscle health, energy, and helps control hunger.

Healthy Fats: Incorporating healthy fats, such as avocado slices or a sprinkle of nuts or seeds, enhances the taste and provides essential fatty acids that are beneficial for the heart and brain.

Dressing: Opting for a vinaigrette made with olive oil and balsamic vinegar, or a yogurt-based dressing, instead of heavy, calorie-laden dressings, keeps the salad nutritious and delicious. Healthy fats like those found in olive oil can improve nutrient absorption.

Fiber: All the vegetables and ingredients in a salad are high in fiber, which aids in digestion and helps you feel full, reducing overeating.

Low Caloric Density: Salads are often low in calories while being filling due to their high water content and fiber. This makes them an excellent choice for weight management.

Versatility: Salads are incredibly versatile and can be tailored to suit individual tastes and dietary preferences. You can add fruits like berries, apples, or oranges for a touch of sweetness or sprinkle some cheese for added flavor.

Hydration: The water content in vegetables and the moisture from a light dressing contribute to hydration, an important aspect of overall health.

Nutrient Density: Salads offer a high level of nutrient density, which means you get a significant amount of essential nutrients with relatively few calories.

Eating a colorful and nutrient-rich salad as part of your regular diet is a great way to ensure you’re getting a wide range of essential nutrients, promoting good health, and maintaining a balanced diet. Plus, the combination of flavors and textures in a well-made salad can be truly satisfying, making it an enjoyable and healthy food choice.

The Bad: Unhealthy Foods

Unhealthy foods are often loaded with empty calories, artificial additives, and unhealthy fats, posing a range of risks to our health.

Here are some characteristics of unhealthy foods:

High in Added Sugars: Sugary foods and beverages are major culprits when it comes to unhealthy eating. Excessive sugar consumption is linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental problems.

Trans Fats and Saturated Fats: Many unhealthy foods contain trans fats and saturated fats, which can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.

Processed and Ultra-Processed: Unhealthy foods are often heavily processed, containing artificial flavors, preservatives, and unhealthy additives. Fast food, sugary snacks, and many convenience foods fall into this category.

Empty Calories: These foods provide little to no nutritional value. They offer little more than a quick burst of energy, followed by a crash.

High in Sodium: Processed and fast foods are often high in salt, contributing to hypertension and cardiovascular issues.

Negative Impact on Health: A diet rich in unhealthy foods is associated with obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health problems.

Example of unhealthy food

An example of unhealthy food is a double cheeseburger meal from a fast-food restaurant. Let’s examine the characteristics that make this a less healthy food choice:

High in Saturated Fat: A double cheeseburger is typically made with two beef patties, and these are often high in saturated fat, which can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.

Excess Calories: The large size of the burger and accompanying meal (fries and a soda) can result in an excessive calorie intake in a single meal. Consuming more calories than your body needs can lead to weight gain and obesity.

Processed Ingredients: Fast-food burgers often contain processed ingredients, including additives, preservatives, and artificial flavors, which can be detrimental to overall health.

Trans Fats: Many fast-food establishments use trans fats in their cooking oils, which are known to be harmful and can increase the risk of heart disease.

High Sodium Content: The burger and fries are often heavily salted, contributing to high sodium intake, which can lead to hypertension and other cardiovascular problems.

Lack of Fiber: Fast food items like double cheeseburgers typically lack dietary fiber, which is essential for good digestion and can help you feel full for longer.

Empty Calories: While the meal provides a quick burst of energy due to the high carbohydrate content, it lacks the essential nutrients found in healthier options.

Low Nutrient Density: Fast food items like double cheeseburgers do not offer a wide range of vitamins, minerals, and other essential nutrients. They are often referred to as “junk food” because of this.

Overconsumption of Sugar: Sugary sodas are often included in these meals, contributing to excessive sugar consumption, which is linked to obesity and various health issues.

Convenience Over Nutrition: Fast food is known for its convenience, but it often prioritizes speed and taste over nutritional value.

While indulging in fast food occasionally is not inherently harmful, regular consumption of meals like double cheeseburgers can have negative long-term health consequences, including obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. It’s important to be mindful of such choices and aim for a balanced diet that includes a variety of healthier foods to support your overall well-being.

Harms of unhealthy food

Unhealthy foods, also known as junk or processed foods, can have a range of negative effects on your health and well-being. Consuming these foods regularly can lead to various health issues. Here are some of the harms of unhealthy food:

Weight Gain and Obesity: Unhealthy foods are often calorie-dense, high in sugar, unhealthy fats, and low in essential nutrients. Consuming them can lead to excess calorie intake, which in turn contributes to weight gain and obesity.

Increased Risk of Chronic Diseases: Regular consumption of unhealthy foods is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancer, and metabolic syndrome.

Poor Nutrient Intake: Unhealthy foods are typically low in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Relying on these foods can result in nutrient deficiencies and overall poor health.

Digestive Issues: High-fat, low-fiber diets that are common with unhealthy foods can lead to digestive problems, including constipation and indigestion.

High Blood Pressure: Processed foods often contain high levels of salt (sodium), which can lead to high blood pressure (hypertension), increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

High Cholesterol: Trans fats and saturated fats in unhealthy foods can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.

Insulin Resistance: The high sugar content of unhealthy foods can lead to insulin resistance, a precursor to type 2 diabetes.

Dental Issues: Sugary and acidic foods and beverages can contribute to tooth decay and gum disease.

Negative Impact on Mental Health: Diets high in unhealthy foods have been linked to an increased risk of depression and other mental health issues.

Energy Fluctuations: Unhealthy foods can cause rapid spikes and crashes in blood sugar levels, leading to low energy levels and irritability.

Increased Inflammation: Many unhealthy foods promote inflammation in the body, which is linked to various chronic diseases and conditions.

Harmful Food Additives: Unhealthy foods often contain artificial additives, preservatives, and flavor enhancers, which can have negative health effects.

Shortened Lifespan: A diet primarily composed of unhealthy foods can lead to a shorter lifespan and a lower quality of life in later years.

Addictive Properties: Certain unhealthy foods, particularly those high in sugar and salt, can have addictive qualities, making it challenging to break away from unhealthy eating habits.

Impaired Cognitive Function: Unhealthy eating can negatively impact cognitive function, including memory and focus.

Harm to the Environment: The production and consumption of unhealthy foods, such as fast food, can contribute to environmental issues like deforestation and excessive greenhouse gas emissions.

It’s important to limit the consumption of unhealthy foods and focus on a balanced diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods to promote optimal health and well-being. Making informed and mindful food choices is crucial for long-term health.

Beneficial of healthy food

Healthy food offers a wide range of advantages for both your physical and mental well-being. Here are some of the key benefits of consuming a diet rich in healthy foods:

Nutrient-Rich: Healthy foods are packed with essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which are vital for overall health and well-being.

 Weight Management: Healthy foods are typically lower in calories, saturated fats, and added sugars, making them a crucial component of weight management and maintaining a healthy body weight.

Disease Prevention: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

Improved Digestion: High-fiber foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains support healthy digestion and help prevent digestive issues like constipation.

Heart Health: Healthy foods, particularly those low in saturated fats, can lower the risk of heart disease by reducing cholesterol levels and maintaining healthy blood pressure.

 Energy and Vitality: Nutrient-dense foods provide sustained energy throughout the day, preventing energy spikes and crashes associated with high-sugar, low-nutrient diets.

Mental Well-Being: A diet rich in healthy foods is associated with better mental health. Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish, can support brain health and reduce the risk of depression and cognitive decline.

Strong Bones and Teeth: Foods high in calcium and vitamin D, such as dairy products and leafy greens, support bone health and help prevent conditions like osteoporosis.

Clearer Skin: Nutrient-rich foods can promote clear, healthy skin by providing the vitamins and minerals necessary for a radiant complexion.

Longevity: Consuming a diet rich in healthy foods is linked to a longer life and increased longevity.

Improved Immune System: Nutrient-dense foods, particularly those high in vitamins C and E, can strengthen the immune system, helping the body fight off illnesses and infections.

Enhanced Cognitive Function: A diet high in antioxidants, found in fruits and vegetables, can help protect brain cells and maintain cognitive function as you age.

Sustainable Energy: Healthy foods provide a steady source of energy, allowing you to stay alert and productive throughout the day.

Reduced Inflammation: A diet rich in healthy foods can reduce inflammation in the body, which is associated with various chronic diseases.

Better Sleep: Nutrient-dense foods can improve sleep quality and help regulate your sleep patterns.

Improved Mood: Healthy eating is associated with a more positive and stable mood, reducing the risk of mood disorders and promoting overall well-being.

Environmental Impact: Many healthy food choices, such as plant-based diets, have a lower environmental impact and contribute to sustainability.

 

Incorporating a variety of healthy foods into your diet and maintaining a balanced eating pattern is essential for reaping these numerous advantages. A well-rounded diet that focuses on whole, unprocessed foods is key to promoting a healthy and vibrant life.

Conclusion

In the battle between healthy and unhealthy foods, the outcome is clear: choosing nutrient-dense, unprocessed options is the key to better health and well-being. It’s essential to recognize that occasional indulgences in unhealthy foods are not inherently harmful, but they should be enjoyed in moderation.

By incorporating a variety of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and nuts into your diet, you can ensure that your body receives the necessary nutrients to function at its best. While it may be challenging to break free from unhealthy food habits, the long-term benefits of a nutritious diet are well worth the effort.

Ultimately, a balanced diet and a thoughtful approach to food choices are the cornerstones of a healthy lifestyle. Educating ourselves about the differences between healthy and unhealthy foods is the first step towards achieving a happier, healthier life.

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): https://www.cdc.gov/

National Institutes of Health (NIH): https://www.nih.gov/

World Health Organization (WHO): https://www.who.int/

ChooseMyPlate.gov: https://www.choosemyplate.gov/ (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

Books:

“The China Study” by T. Colin Campbell and Thomas M. Campbell II

“In Defense of Food” by Michael Pollan

“The Blue Zones Solution” by Dan Buettner

“Eating on the Wild Side” by Jo Robinson

“The Omnivore’s Dilemma” by Michael Pollan

 

 



The Healthy Meals for Kids

written by gogorabei | October 23, 2023

The Healthy Food for Kids

Introduction:
Healthy food is essential for children’s growth and development. It provides the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals needed for their bodies to function optimally. A well-balanced diet is the foundation of good health and can set the stage for a lifetime of well-being. In this article, we will explore the components of healthy food, the importance of maintaining a nutritious diet for children, and provide examples of healthy meals for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

Explore the significance of healthy food for children, understand its components, and find examples of nutritious meals for breakfast, lunch, and dinner.
This article delves into the vital role of healthy food in children’s well-being. It covers the components of a balanced diet, emphasizes the importance of nutrition for growth and immunity, and provides practical examples of nutritious meals for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Explore the key principles of child nutrition and learn how to plan wholesome meals that support your child’s health and development.

Components of Healthy Food

Fruits and Vegetables: These are rich in essential vitamins, minerals, and fiber. They should make up a significant portion of a child’s diet to support their overall health and immunity.

Whole Grains: Whole grain foods like whole wheat bread, brown rice, and oats provide complex carbohydrates and fiber, which give kids energy and promote digestive health.

Lean Proteins: Protein sources such as lean meats, poultry, fish, tofu, beans, and nuts are crucial for muscle development, tissue repair, and overall growth.

Dairy or Dairy Alternatives: Milk, yogurt, and cheese are essential for calcium and vitamin D, which are vital for strong bones and teeth. For lactose-intolerant or vegan children, there are various dairy alternatives like almond milk, soy milk, or fortified plant-based yogurts.

Healthy Fats: Good fats, such as those found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil, are essential for brain development and overall health.

Importance of Healthy Food for Kids:

Growth and Development: Proper nutrition supports a child’s growth, ensuring they reach their full potential in terms of height and weight.

Brain Development: Nutrient-rich foods are critical for cognitive development, learning, and memory.

Immune System: A balanced diet strengthens the immune system, helping children fight off illnesses and infections.

Energy and Concentration: Healthy foods provide steady energy levels and improve a child’s ability to focus and concentrate in school and other activities.

Disease Prevention: A nutritious diet can reduce the risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and other chronic health conditions in the future.

Where to Find Healthy Food?

Healthy foods can be found in various places, including:
Grocery Stores: Purchase fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and other nutritious options from your local supermarket.
Farmers’ Markets: These markets offer fresh, seasonal, and locally sourced produce, often with higher nutritional value.
Home Gardens: Growing your fruits and vegetables at home can ensure their quality and freshness.

The relation between healthy meals for kids and immunity

The relationship between healthy meals for kids and immunity is significant. Proper nutrition plays a crucial role in supporting and strengthening a child’s immune system.

Here’s how healthy meals and immunity are interconnected:

Nutrient Intake: A well-balanced diet provides essential vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc, and antioxidants, which are key for a robust immune system. For example, vitamin C found in fruits like oranges and strawberries supports immune function, while vitamin D from sources like fortified dairy products helps maintain immune health.

Gut Health: The gut is home to a large part of the immune system. A diet rich in fiber, found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, promotes a healthy gut microbiome. A diverse and balanced gut microbiome is associated with better immunity.

Protein for Antibodies: Proteins, particularly from lean sources like poultry and legumes, are essential for producing antibodies and immune cells that help the body fight infections.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Healthy fats, including omega-3 fatty acids from sources like salmon, flaxseeds, and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties that can benefit the immune response.

Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is important for the body’s overall health, including its ability to flush out toxins and support immune function.

Antioxidants: Fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants, which help protect cells from damage and can reduce the risk of chronic diseases that may weaken the immune system.

Balanced Blood Sugar: Eating a diet that helps maintain stable blood sugar levels can prevent energy crashes and support overall health. This can reduce the stress on the body, which is beneficial for immune function.

On the other hand, a diet that is high in sugar, processed foods, and unhealthy fats can weaken the immune system. These types of foods can lead to inflammation, obesity, and other health issues that may compromise the body’s ability to defend against infections.

In summary, providing children with healthy, well-rounded meals rich in nutrients, lean proteins, and antioxidants is a fundamental way to boost their immune systems. It’s important for parents and caregivers to prioritize proper nutrition as a key component of overall child health and well-being.

Examples of Healthy Meals for Kids:

Healthy food Breakfast Meal :

• Whole grain oatmeal with berries and a drizzle of honey
• Greek yogurt with sliced bananas and a sprinkle of granola
• Scrambled eggs with spinach and whole wheat toast
Healthy food Lunch Meal :
• Turkey and avocado whole wheat wrap
• Vegetable and hummus platter with whole grain crackers
• Quinoa salad with mixed vegetables and a lemon vinaigrette

Healthy food Dinner Meal :

• Baked chicken breast with steamed broccoli and quinoa
• Grilled salmon with a side of asparagus and brown rice
• Lentil and vegetable stew with whole grain bread
Incorporating a variety of healthy foods into a child’s daily diet ensures they receive the nutrients they need to grow, learn, and stay healthy. Encouraging a balanced, nutritious diet from a young age sets the stage for a lifetime of well-being.

Here are more examples of complete healthy meals for kids in breakfast, lunch, and dinner:

Breakfast:

• Fruit Parfait: Layer Greek yogurt with fresh mixed berries, a drizzle of honey, and granola for added crunch.
• Whole Wheat Pancakes: Serve whole wheat pancakes with a dollop of low-fat yogurt, sliced bananas, and a sprinkle of cinnamon.
• Egg and Veggie Scramble: Scramble eggs with diced bell peppers, tomatoes, and spinach. Serve with whole wheat toast.

Lunch:
• Vegetable and Chickpea Salad: Combine chickpeas, cherry tomatoes, cucumbers, and feta cheese in a salad. Dress with olive oil and lemon juice.
• Turkey and Avocado Sandwich: Whole grain bread with lean turkey, avocado, lettuce, and a side of carrot sticks.
• Quinoa and Black Bean Bowl: Mix cooked quinoa with black beans, corn, diced bell peppers, and top with salsa and a sprinkle of cheese.

Dinner:

• Grilled Chicken and Sweet Potato: Grill chicken breast with a side of roasted sweet potato and steamed broccoli.
• Baked Salmon with Quinoa: Baked salmon with a lemon-dill sauce served alongside quinoa and sautéed green beans.
• Veggie Stir-Fry with Tofu: Stir-fry a mix of colorful vegetables and tofu in a light soy sauce. Serve over brown rice.
Remember that portion sizes should be appropriate for your child’s age and activity level. These meals are balanced with a variety of nutrients and can be adjusted to suit individual tastes and dietary preferences.

Here are more healthy meal suggestions for kids in breakfast, lunch, and dinner:

Breakfast:

• Banana and Peanut Butter Smoothie: Blend a ripe banana, a tablespoon of natural peanut butter, and low-fat milk (or a dairy-free alternative) for a creamy and nutritious smoothie.
• Whole Grain Waffles with Berries: Serve whole grain waffles topped with a mix of fresh berries and a dollop of Greek yogurt.
• Veggie Omelette: Cook an omelette with diced bell peppers, mushrooms, and a sprinkle of cheese. Pair with whole wheat toast.
Lunch:
• Tuna Salad Lettuce Wraps: Make a tuna salad with canned tuna, Greek yogurt, celery, and diced pickles. Serve in lettuce leaves as wraps.
• Brown Rice and Bean Burrito: Fill a whole wheat tortilla with brown rice, black beans, avocado slices, and a drizzle of salsa.
• Mediterranean Hummus Plate: Create a plate with hummus, cucumber slices, cherry tomatoes, and whole wheat pita bread for dipping.

Dinner:

• Homemade Vegetable Pizza: Make a whole wheat pizza crust and top it with tomato sauce, a variety of vegetables, and a modest amount of part-skim mozzarella cheese.
• Baked Cod with Quinoa: Bake cod fillets with a lemon and herb marinade and serve with quinoa and steamed green beans.
• Spinach and Mushroom Stuffed Pasta: Stuff whole wheat pasta shells with a mixture of spinach, mushrooms, ricotta cheese, and marinara sauce.
These meals are designed to be nutritious, balanced, and appealing to kids. Feel free to adapt them to your child’s specific dietary needs and preferences while ensuring they receive a variety of nutrients from different food groups.

References of Article

If you’re looking for specific sources or references to back up the information provided, I recommend consulting reputable sources such as:
• The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP): They provide guidelines on child nutrition and health.
• The World Health Organization (WHO): Offers global health recommendations, including child nutrition.
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Provides valuable information on children’s health and nutrition.
• National Institutes of Health (NIH): Offers a wide range of resources on nutrition and child health.
• Nutritional guidelines and recommendations from your country’s government health department.



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organic chemistry: Alkenes and Alkynes – quiz 6

written by gogorabei | October 23, 2023

1
Created on June 09, 2023 By gogorabei

organic chemistry: Alkenes and Alkynes - quiz 6

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(36) The volume of gases produced from the thermal cracking reaction  ………… are greatest

(a) C6H14(g) >>> 3C2H4(g) + H2(g).

(b)C8H18(g) >>> 2C3H8(g) + C2H2 (g)

(c) C10H22(g)  >>> C8H18(g) + C2H4(g)

(d) C12H26(g)   >>> C8H18(g) + 2 C2H4(g)

 

 

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(34) The gas which is obtained from thermal catalytic cracking of octadecane C18H38 is  ……….

(a) CO₂ 

(b) C18H36  

(c) C36H74 

(d) C9H18.

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(33) Both of ………. are obtained from the thermal catalytic cracking of octane.

(a) hexane and ethane

(b) Butene and butane.

(c) heptane and methane

(d) propane and pentane

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(32) Chlorine reacts with methane gas forming …………. in the presence of ultraviolet rays.

(a) chloromethane and hydrogen

(b) chloromethane and Hydrogen chloride

(c) dichloromethane and hydrogen

(d) dichloromethane and trichloromethane

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31 ) Freons are used in air conditions and fridges, because they are ………..

(a) cheap.

(b) liquefied easily.

(c) non-poisonous and don't cause erosion.

(D) (a), (b) and (c).

 

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(30) The molecular formula of chloroform is ………..

(a) CCl4  

(b) CH2Cl₂  

(c) CH4  

(d) CHCI3.

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(29) Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet rays by

(a) elimination.

(b) condensation.

(c) Substitution.

(d) reduction.

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(28) The gas which burns in air forming two gases; one of them turns the clear limewater turbid and the other turns the anhydrous copper (II) sulphate into blue is …….

(a) Ethane.

(b) carbon monoxide

(c) hydrogen

(d) gasoline

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 (27) Alkanes which contain more than 17 carbon atoms are exist in state.

(a) Solid 

(b) liquid 

(c) vapour 

(d) gaseous

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(26) The boiling point of butane is less than that of ……….

(a) ethane.

(b) propane.

(c) methane.

(d) Hexane

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(25) In hot countries, the fuel cylinders contain large amount of ………  gas.

(a) ethane

(b) propane 

(c) Butane 

(d) pentane

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(24) In cold countries, the fuel cylinders contain high amount of

(a) methane

(b) ethane  

(c) Propane.

(d) butane

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15 / 42

(23) Which of the following compounds have the highest boiling point?.......

(a) Normal Hexane..

(b) Normal pentane.

(c) 2,2-dimethyl propane.

(d) 2-methyl butane

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16 / 42

(22) Gasoline consists of compounds which contain  …….. carbon atoms

(a) from 1:4  

(b) from 4:5

(c) from 5:17.  

(d) more than 17

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17 / 42

(21) Soda lime is a mixture of ……..

(a) caustic soda and calcium carbonate

(b) caustic soda and Quick lime

(c) sodium carbonate and quick lime

(d) caustic soda and slaked lime

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18 / 42

(20) The dry distillation of anhydrous sodium acetate with soda lime produces ……

(a) ethane. 

(b) Methane. 

(c) propane

(d) butane

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19 / 42

(19) The boiling point of ……….. is less than that of the other three compounds

(a)C2H6 .      

(b) CH3(CH₂)2CH3 

(c)CH3(CH2)4CH3

(d)C8H18

 

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20 / 42

(18) With increasing  the molecular mass in alkanes, the property ……….  doesn't increase

(a) boiling point

(b) Ability to burn

(c) melting point

(d) viscosity

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21 / 42

(17) Complete burning of 1 mole of ……….. produces 3 mole of CO2, and 4 moles of H2O

(a) C3H8.

(b) C3H4

(c) C2H4

(d) C2H2

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22 / 42

(16) 1 L of gas …… reacts with 5 L of O2 , at STP

(a)CH4  

(b) C2H6

(c) C3H8.  

(d)C4H10

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23 / 42

(15) Burning of 20 cm3 of gas  …… in an excess of O2

At STP produces 60 cm3 of CO2

  1. a) C3H6.

(b) C4H10

(c) C6H12

(d) C6H14

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24 / 42

(14) The gas which causes the decay of the ozone layer is

(a) CH3CH2CH3

(b) CH3CHCI2

(C) CH3OCH3

(D) CF2Cl2

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25 / 42

(13) 2-methyl pentane is considered the isomer of the compound ………….

(a) 2-methyl butane. 

(b) (2,2-dimethyl Butane

(c) 2,2-dimethyl pentane  

(d) 2,2-dimethyl propane

 

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(17) 1,2-dibromoethane is not formed, when hydrogen bromide reacts with ethyne.

why?

 

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(16) Sulphuric acid plays an important role in the addition reaction of water to ethene.

why??

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(15) Bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride is not used to differentiate between ethene and ethyne.

why??

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(14) Ethene reacts by addition in one step, whereas Ethyne reacts in two steps.

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(13) Oxyacetylene flame is used in cutting and welding metals.

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(12) Before the collection of ethyne gas prepared by dropping water on calcium carbide, it must be firstly passed over copper sulphate solution in sulphuric acid.

why??

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(11) Alkynes are very active compounds.

Why?

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(10) Ethylene glycol is used as an antifreeze substance in car radiators in cold areas.

Why?

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(9) The violet color of potassium permanganate in alkaline medium is discharged when it reacts with ethene.

Why?

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35 / 42

(8) The hydration reactions of alkenes should proceed in the presence of a strong acid.

Why?

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36 / 42

(7) On adding hydrogen bromide to vinyl bromide, 1,2-dibromoethane is not formed

Why?

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37 / 42

(6) On adding hydrogen bromide to propene, 1-bromopropane is not formed.

Why??

 

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38 / 42

(5) When bromine dissolved in carbon tetrachloride is added to ethene, the red colour of  bromine is discharged.

Why?

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39 / 42

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40 / 42

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41 / 42

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42 / 42

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