Uses of First Transition Elements (Economic importance)

Economic importance of first transition elements 

The Presence of First transition elements in earth crust

1-They form about 7% of the weight of the earth’s crust but these elements have great economic importance. 2-(Fe) is highest value (6.3) and (Sc) is a smallest value (0.0026) so its rare transition element

The usage of The First Transition Series 

Scandium (₂₁Sc)

1-very small amounts on a wide range on the Earth’s crust 2-Sc+Al= alloy characterized by hardness and lightness so It is used in the MiG fighter aircraft industry GR? 3) It is added to mercury vapors lamps to give high-efficiency light like to sunlight so It is used in the photographing television during the night

Titanium ₂₂Ti

Strong element of rigidity such as steel and less dense than steel

1-Titanium aluminum alloys are used in aircraft and spacecraft industry GR?

-because it maintains the solidity (durability) in high temperatures at a time when the hardness of aluminum decreases

2-In Dental implant and artificial joints GR? 

-because the body not reject it and not cause poisoning

3-Titanium dioxide TiO2 :used in compounds of protection from the sun rays  GR ?where its Nano particles prevent the effect of ultraviolet on the skin

Vanadium ₂₃V

-Vanadium with the steel gives a high hardness alloy and has high ability to resist corrosion, so it is used in the manufacturing of car springs industry GR? .

– Vanadium penta oxide (V₂O₅ ) is used as:       

1-dyes in ceramic and glass industry      

2-Catalyst in the strong magnetic conductors

used as dyes  in ceramic  and glass industry	vanadium steel alloy in car springs in car spring

Chromium  ₂₄Cr

1) It has a high degree of chemical activity but it resists the atmospheric air GR?

due to the formation non-porous  a layer of oxide with large size  above its surface that prevent the continuation of chromium reaction with oxygen atmosphere.

Uses of Cr :       

Metal plating   :chromium plating	tuning leather

The most important compounds  

1)-Chromium III oxide: ( Cr₂O₃): in making dyes

2)-Potassium dichromate ( K₂Cr₂O₃) :it is used as an oxidizing agent.

Ni and Cd battery	Cr2O3 in deys

Manganese  ₂₅Mn

1-It is used in the form of alloys or compounds not used in its pure state GR ? -because it is a brittle element 2-It is used with iron alloys in making the railway tracks GR?.

-because it is harder than steel. 3- It is used with aluminum alloys in packages of soft drinks vessels (cans) GR ? because its resistance to corrosion. The most important compounds:

A-Manganese dioxide: ( MnO₂) :  used as strong oxidizing agent and making dry cell

B-Potassium permanganate: ( KMnO4) :        used as an oxidizing substance and disinfectant.

c- Manganese II sulphate : ( MnSO4): it is used as fungicide

Mn and Al alloy used in making  soft drink cans	MnO2 used in dry cell	Fe and Mn alloy

Iron (₂₆Fe )

What are the uses of IORN ?

1-manufacturing of reinforced Concrete.  

2-Electricity pylons

 3-Knives industry

.4-Pipes guns and cannons industry.

 5-Surgical tools

6-As a catalyst in the ammonia industry (Haber-Bosch method).

7-Catalyst for Converting water gas-to-liquid fuel (Fisher -Troposch method). Water gas: is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide

8- in making magnets

Cobalt   ₂₇Co

1) It looks like iron GR? because both of them can be magnetized and used in making of magnets and 2) Cobalt is used in making dry batteries industry in modern cars.

3)It has twelve isotopes; most important one is cobalt 60 GR? – Because it produces gamma rays that has high ability for penetrating power

3) What are the Uses of Cobalt isotope 60 ?

1-Food preservation processes. 2- Detection of the quality of the industrial products 3- In medicine in diagnosis and treatment tumors 4-To detect cracks and welding connections

Nickel  ₂₈Ni

What are the uses of Nickel?

1-Making nickel – cadmium battery that can be recharged. 2-Making Nickel steel alloys which are hard and resist rust and the effect of acids. 3- Making nickel-chrome alloys which are used in heating coils and electrical furnaces ,GR? – Because they resist corrosion at high temperature 4- It is used in painting metal, GR?.

-To protect it from oxidation and rust and give them a beautiful appearance.

5- divided nickel as catalyst is used in the hydrogenation process of oils.

heating coil	electric furnace	Ni Cd battery

Copper ₂₉Cu

It is the first discovered metal Uses:

1-It is used in making the alloy of copper with tin (Bronze).

2- Alloy of copper with Zinc (Brass alloy ) used in plating of Iron door handles 2-Making electrical cables, GR?

-Because it is good conductor of electricity. 3-It is used in alloy coins industry

The most important copper compounds 1-Copper II sulphate (CuSO4) :

used as an insecticide and fungicide in the water purification

2- Fehling solution It is used in the detection of glucose where the color turns from blue to orange.

Zinc ₃₀Zn

What are the uses of zinc ?

It is used in galvanizing other metals GR? 

-To protect them from rusting what are The most important compounds of Zinc ?

1-Zinc oxide ZnO It is used in paints, rubber and cosmetics industry

2-Zinc sulphide ZnS : used in making    a- illuminated paints  b- X-ray screens.